Amathuluzi asetshenziswa imboni yokudiliza izakhiwo makhulu futhi athuthukiswa njalo.Izando zashintsha zaba ama-crushers aphethwe ngesandla futhi amafosholo ashintsha abe amabhakede e-excavator.Lapho kungenzeka khona, abakhiqizi balwela ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokuphepha kwamathuluzi osonkontileka abawasebenzisa nsuku zonke.

Izixhumi ezisheshayo nazo zihlukile.Lezi zesekeli ze-aftermarket excavator ziqeda isidingo sokususa mathupha izikhonkwane, ngaleyo ndlela zikhulise ukusebenza kahle futhi zinciphise kakhulu isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze abaqhubi be-excavator bashintshe phakathi kwezisekeli.Njengawo wonke amanye amathuluzi, ama-couplers asheshayo athuthukiswa njalo.Lapho benza izinqumo zokuthenga, osonkontileka kufanele bacabangele izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukumiswa kwe-hydraulic noma okomshini, izici zokuphepha, nezinye izici zokusebenza, ezifana nekhono lokutshekisa, ukuze bathole okuhle kakhulu ekutshalweni kwabo.

Kulula ngama-couplers

Ama-couplers asheshayo awutshalomali olungangeza ukunethezeka kwemikhumbi kanye nokuguquguquka cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.Ngaphandle kwe-coupler, ukushintsha phakathi kwebhakede, i-ripper, iraki, ukubamba ngomshini, njll., kungadla isikhathi esibalulekile.Nakuba ama-couplers angenza umshini ube nzima, anciphise kancane amandla okuphumelela, akhulisa isivinini nokuguquguquka kokushintshwa kwesisekeli.Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukushintshwa kwendabuko kungathatha imizuzu engafika kwengama-20, ama-couplers asheshayo anganciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuphathwe imisebenzi edinga izesekeli ezihlukile.

Uma u-opharetha eshintsha okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa esikhundleni samahora ambalwa, i-coupler ingase ingadingeki.Kodwa uma usonkontileka esebenzisa izesekeli ezihlukahlukene usuku lonke, noma efuna ukukhulisa umkhiqizo ngomshini owodwa esizeni, i-coupler iyithuluzi okufanele libe nalo.Ababhangqwana abasheshayo bangakwazi ngisho nokunciphisa ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kanye nezindleko, njengoba umqhubi angase anqabe ukushintsha okunamathiselwe lapho kudingeka ukushintshwa ngesandla uma engafuni ukuhlupha.Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa isisekeli esingalungile somsebenzi ongalungile kungakhuphula ukuguga.

Amanothi kuma-hydraulic kanye nama-mechanical couplers

Abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza ama-couplers ekucushweni okubili: i-hydraulic noma i-mechanical.Kunobuhle nobubi ngokwesilinganiso, izindleko kanye nohlelo lokusebenza.

Ama-couplers emishini (noma amamanuwali) anganikeza izindleko eziphansi, izingxenye ezimbalwa kanye nesisindo esiphelele esilula.Ngokuvamile ziyinketho engcono kakhulu uma umsebenzi ungadingi izesekeli eziningi ukuthi zishintshwe nsuku zonke, noma uma inani liwukucatshangelwa okubaluleke kakhulu.Intengo yokuthenga yama-couplings emishini iyafana naleyo yama-hydraulic couplings, kodwa izinqubo zokufaka eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidingekayo zivame ukuhluka kakhulu ngezindleko.

Kodwa-ke, ngama-couplers ayimishini, ukunethezeka nokuphepha kungase kube sengozini.Ukudinga ukuthi u-opharetha ashiye ikhebhu yomshini futhi asebenzise amandla okusebenza ukuze amise izikhonkwane endaweni kubangele ukuthi inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni ithathe isikhathi eside.Ngokuvamile kuhilela abasebenzi ababili futhi kuyinqubo enzima kakhulu.Ngenxa yezici ezisebenziseka kalula ze-hydraulic coupler, opharetha angakwazi ukuqedela le nqubo ku-cockpit, ukonga isikhathi nomzamo.Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.

Izinzuzo zokuphepha zokuhlanganisa ama-hydraulic

Ukulimala okuningi okuhlobene nama-couplers kungenxa yokuthi o-opharetha abawavikeli kahle amaphinikhodi okuphepha kumamodeli we-semi-automatic noma okwenziwa ngesandla.Izithandani ezimpofu kanye nokuwa kwamabhakede kuholele ekulimaleni inqwaba, abanye kwaze kwashona.Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), kube nezigameko ezingu-15 ezihlobene nokulimala e-United States phakathi kuka-1998 no-2005 ezibandakanya amabhakede e-excavator kuma-excavators angama-hydraulic akhishwe ngephutha emalungeni asheshayo.Izigameko eziyisishiyagalombili kulezi ziholele ekufeni kwabantu.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwehluleka ukubandakanya nokukhiya ama-couplers ngendlela efanele kungenzeka kube yimbangela yengozi.Ngokwe-OSHA, ukudedelwa ngephutha kwama-couplers kungenzeka ngoba abasebenzisi bangase bangaziboni izingozi zokushintshwa, abawafaki kahle izikhonkwane zokukhiya. , noma abaqeqeshiwe ngokwanele ezinqubweni zokufaka nokuhlola.Ukunciphisa amathuba ezingozi, abakhiqizi baye benza izixazululo ngokusebenzisa ama-hydraulic couplers ukuze baqinisekise ukubandakanyeka okufanele futhi banciphise amathuba okulimala ngenxa yephutha lomqhubi.

Nakuba ama-couplers e-hydraulic engabaqedi ubungozi bazo zonke izesekeli eziwayo, aphephe kakhudlwana kunama-mechanical couplers ekuvimbeleni ukulimala emsebenzini.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi opharetha basebenzisa izikhonkwane zokukhiya ngendlela efanele, amanye amasistimu afakwe izibani ze-LED ezibomvu neziluhlaza, kanye nebhaza yesixwayiso sokwazisa umsebenzisi uma ukubhanqa kube yimpumelelo.Lokhu kwandisa ukuqwashisa komsebenzisi futhi kubasize ukuphatha amasistimu futhi bavimbele izimo eziyingozi.

Njengoba izingozi eziningi ezimbi zenzeka phakathi namasekhondi okuqala angu-5 okukhiya okunamathiselwe, abanye abakhiqizi bengeze izici ezenza kucishe kungenzeki ngo-opharetha ukulahla okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili ngephutha.

Esinye salezi zici umgomo wokukhiya inkaba ukuze ubhekane nezikhonkwane zokukhiya ezingalungile.Lokhu kudinga ukuthi i-coupler ixhunywe kokunamathiselwe ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene.Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kokucindezela kokusebenza kulungisa njalo umphetho, kugcina izikhonkwane ezimbili ziqinile ifindo elisheshayo kanye nokunamathiselwe endaweni ngokuvikelekile.

Idizayini ethuthukisiwe iphinde ihlinzeke ngokuhlanganyela kokuphepha okungakhiywa ngokuvikelekile ngokushesha nangokuzenzakalelayo kwesokuqala kwezikhonkwane ezimbili.Lokhu kuvimbela okunamathiselwe ukuthi kukhishwe ngisho noma u-opharetha akhohlwe ukuqedela inqubo.I-knuckle yokuphepha isebenza ngokuzimele ngaphandle kwe-wedge ephethe iphinikhodi yesibili, ivimbela ukukhishwa kwephinikhodi yokuqala uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesistimu ye-hydraulic.Lapho ushintsha okunamathiselwe, u-opharetha uqala ngokukhulula inkaba, bese ebeka okunamathiselwe endaweni ephephile phansi, bese ekhulula ijoyinti lokuphepha.

Ukuze uthole ukuphepha okwengeziwe, o-opharetha bangabheka izici zokuvala isikhathi ezinikezwa abanye abakhiqizi abasebenzisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo amajoyinti okuphepha.Uma u-opharetha engasuki ngokuphelele ekuhlanganyeleni kokuphepha phakathi nesikhathi sokuvala, ukujoyina kuzosethwa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo.Lesi sici sesikhathi singenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo, kodwa ngokuvamile senzeka ngemva kwamasekhondi angu-5 ukuya kwangu-12 ukuze kusize ukuvimbela izimo eziyingozi.Ngaphandle kwalesi sici, u-opharetha angakhohlwa ukuthi okunamathiselwe bekuvuliwe bese kuwa ngemva kokukususa phansi noma ukukuvula emoyeni.

Izici ezengeziwe nezinketho

Ukwengeza kalula i-coupler ejwayelekile emkhunjini kungonga isikhathi nemali, kodwa kunezici ezengeziwe ezingathuthukisa ukukhiqiza.

Amanye ama-couplers angama-hydraulic kanye nezinsiza zawo ezibhanqiwe ahlinzeka ngokujikeleza kwe-360 degree.Ukwandisa umthamo, abanye abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngokuhlanganyela kwendawo yonke engatshekiswa - ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-tilter.Leli khono lemvelo lokujikeleza nokutshekisa ama-couplers awenza asebenze kahle kakhulu futhi akhiqize kunama-couplers ajwayelekile.Zivame ukuhleleka ekwakhiweni, okuzenza zilungele izindawo eziwumngcingo kanye nezicelo ezifana nokwakhiwa komgwaqo, amahlathi, ukwakheka kwezwe, izinsiza, izitimela, nokususwa kweqhwa emadolobheni.

Ama-Tilt-rotor abiza kakhulu futhi anesisindo esingaphezu kwama-couplers avamile we-hydraulic, ngakho abasebenzisi kufanele bacabangele izici zabo ngaphambi kokukhetha.

Esinye isici abasebenzisi be-couplers okufanele bayicabangele ukuthi ingabe idivayisi i-hydraulic ngokugcwele.Abanye abakhiqizi benze amasistimu angaxhuma ama-hydraulic loops amahlanu ngokunethezeka nangokuphephile ukusuka kukhebhu.Isistimu yokukhiya ekhethekile idonsa amandla ahlakazayo akhiqizwa phakathi kwama-valve ngaphandle kokuwadlulisela ku-coupler esheshayo.Iyunithi ephelele ye-hydraulic ivumela ukushintshwa okusheshayo ngaphandle komsebenzi owengeziwe wezandla.Amasistimu alolu hlobo amele isinyathelo esilandelayo esinengqondo sababhangqwana, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhombisi-ndlela ezigcwele amanzi kungase kuholele kumazinga okuphepha amakhulu.

Yenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile

Njengoba amathuluzi nobuchwepheshe bukhula, osonkontileka bazothola izinketho eziningi.Ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kuvame ukuhambisana futhi kubaluleke ngokulinganayo.Ngenhlanhla, ngokuhlaziya uhlelo lokusebenza, ukuqonda ubungozi, kanye nokuthuthukisa isistimu ngezidingo ezithile zenkampani, osonkontileka bangathola i-coupler esheshayo ethuthukisa kokubili ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.